R. Watson, C. J. Walters, (1998). “Ecosim and Mpas: A Quasi-Spatial Use of Ecosim,” Fisheries Centre Research Reports No. 6 (Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.

While the first version of Ecosim (Walters et al. 1997) offered many facilities to mana-gers, it did not provide a means of describing the spatial relations of biomass and fishing mortalities which are required to examine the potential impacts of marine protected areas (MPAs). To overcome this, we devised a simple modification to Ecosim which allows the biomass of Ecopath groups to be partitioned into two portions with exchange processes operating between them.

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